Citation Bar reference

Every element on the bar, what it means, and where the number comes from. This is the same content as the ? help inside the extension.

Article flags

SymbolMeaningReference
Retracted The article has been retracted from the literature. Clicking shows both the original PMID and the retraction PMID. NLM errata policy
* High-impact article; the row is shown on a green background. Marked when the article's score meets your threshold — see the formula. —
e Has a correction or erratum. This is not a retraction; roughly 1% of articles have one. Clicking shows the original and correction PMIDs. NLM errata policy
p Preprint — not yet peer reviewed. Useful for early access, but read with the usual caution. NIH preprints
m Indexed for MEDLINE. MEDLINE overview
n New — under two years old, measured by PubMed's create date [crdt], which never changes. Publication dates sometimes do. —
t Trending — currently in PubMed's top 1,000. The exact logic isn't public, but "new and heavily viewed" is close. PubMed Trending

Article metrics

ElementMeaningReference
Cited n Citation count from iCite, provided by the NIH — the same agency that runs PubMed. Several sources of citation counts exist, including PubMed itself; iCite is the best overall fit. When iCite is down or slow, counts come from Europe PMC instead. iCite
RCR n.n Relative Citation Ratio — an iCite measure defined as the citations per year of a paper, normalized to the citations per year received by NIH-funded papers in the same field and year. A citation-based measure of scientific influence. Shows - when iCite is unavailable, since no other source computes it. iCite metrics
IC n Influential Citations — citations where the cited work had a significant effect on the citing work, identified by a machine-learning model that reads citation context. Shows - if not found. Semantic Scholar
Alt Altmetric Attention Score — a weighted count of attention from social media, news and policy documents. Links to the article's Altmetric page. Altmetric
Overall Score A numeric quality score combining MEDLINE indexing, citation count, RCR, journal SJR, trending status and influential citations. Shown at the top of the citation report. Formula

The impact score, in full

Most tools that highlight "high impact" papers won't tell you what that means. Here is the actual function. The default threshold is 5, adjustable from 1 to 6 in the extension's settings. You can disagree with the weights — but you can see them, and you can move the line.

function calculateScore(item) {
    let score = 0;

    // MEDLINE: 2.25 points
    if (item.recordStatus === 'PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE') {
        score += 2.25;
    }

    const citations = parseInt(item.Citations);
    const crc = parseFloat(item.RelativeCitationRatio);

    if (item.PublishCurrent === 'n') {
        // Recent articles (< 2 years)

        // Citations scoring
        if (citations > 30) score += 2.25;
        else if (citations > 15) score += 1.75;
        else if (citations > 5) score += 1;
        else if (citations > 2) score += 0.25;

        // RCR scoring
        if (crc > 2) score += 1.25;

    } else {
        // Older articles (>= 2 years)

        // Citations scoring
        if (citations >= 200) score += 3.5;
        else if (citations >= 50) score += 2.75;
        else if (citations >= 10) score += 1.5;

        // RCR scoring
        if (crc > 10) score += 1.25;
        else if (crc > 5) score += 0.75;
    }

    // SJR: 1.25 points
    if (item.SJR !== '-' && item.SJR > 3) {
        score += 1.25;
    }

    // Trending: 1 point
    if (item.isTrending) {
        score += 1;
    }

    // Influential Citations: 0.5 points
    if (item.s2Url && item.influentialCitations >= 1) {
        score += 0.5;
    }

    return score;
}
ElementMeaning
doiOpens the article's DOI in DOI Lookup, which checks retractions, citations, journal metrics and open access across a dozen sources. Up to 15 DOIs can be collected and viewed together. Greyed out when the article has no DOI.
MeSHThe Medical Subject Headings assigned to the article. Only MEDLINE-indexed articles have them.
sSimilar articles, from PubMed's own similarity list.
cArticles in PubMed citing this one. Differs slightly from iCite, which uses a different method.
G SchGoogle Scholar, matched by DOI (about 97% of PubMed articles have one), falling back to the title when there isn't one.
-Con-Connections — an interactive citation graph built from OpenAlex data, with three views: papers this one cites (Inside), papers citing it (Outside), and a combined Mix. Bubbles are colour-coded by journal quality and tagged where free full text exists. Re-centre on any paper, or run a multi-level expansion to surface the most co-cited foundational works nearby.
AbThe abstract, inline, without leaving the results page. Present on about 99% of PubMed articles.
linkFull text. PubMed holds the abstract and metadata but not the article itself. Where a free version exists (PMC, for instance) that link is used and shown green; otherwise it points at the publisher, which may be paywalled.
AuthorFirst and last authors — by convention the first leads the work and the last leads the lab — with affiliations, PubMed and ORCID search links, and h-index, i10-index and two-year citation rate from OpenAlex. Metrics require an ORCID; name-based matching is not used for them, because it catches the wrong researchers.

Journal information

Everything to the right of the ||| divider describes the journal rather than the article.

ElementMeaning
Top-JA deliberately small, highly selective curated list of top medical journals, matched by ISSN and including associated journals within a publisher umbrella. Current list: Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal (BMJ), European Heart Journal, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, JAMA, Lancet, Nature, New England Journal of Medicine.
SJRSCImago Journal Rank — a free, widely respected measure of journal visibility, computed with an algorithm similar to PageRank. SCImago is a research group affiliated with several Spanish universities and the CSIC.
RankThe journal's position in the Journal Ranking, built from a full PubMed pull run roughly monthly.
Medline %The share of that journal's articles, by ISSN, indexed for MEDLINE year to date.

Tools on the bar

Xout — exclusion search

Roughly a quarter of PubMed is not primary research. Xout reopens your current search in a dialog with your query pre-filled and a checkbox for each publication type to exclude. All are checked by default; uncheck any to let that type through. The full query preview updates live, so you can search directly, or copy the string into your methods section.

pR — PubMed reports

Opens the four standing reports: PubMed Summary, Filters, MeSH Counts and Journal Ranking.

/Report — citation report

Every key measure and link for one article in an easy-to-copy format. Two buttons in the extension popup export the whole page of results: Excel gives a tab-separated table of exactly what the bar shows, one row per article, ready to paste straight into a spreadsheet; and Data dumps everything — PMIDs first, then all measures, timestamps and internal fields. Full disclosure of every field the extension holds.

Term Analysis

Enter up to 20 variants of a single concept — vitamin B1, thiamine, B-1 — and it returns PubMed hit counts for each across four field configurations (Title, Title/Abstract, quoted, unquoted), validates each against MeSH, and stars the terms that are both high-volume and MeSH-backed. A "Special" mode handles custom date windows and up to ten term groups at once.

Comparing the quoted and unquoted columns is worth doing once on a term you care about. An unquoted phrase is not a looser version of a quoted one — it searches the phrase and the individual words, and it keeps the automatic MeSH mapping that quoting switches off. The two columns rarely look the way people expect.

Expand

Takes your current PubMed search and opens the same query against OpenAlex, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar in three new tabs — a quick check on whether PubMed alone is giving you the whole picture.

What PubMed's Abstract filter checks

PubMed's Abstract filter (the sidebar box, or hasabstract in a query) is not a complete test for an abstract. Checked against the records' XML, it counts a record with a main abstract or an English plain-language summary, but not one whose only abstract was supplied separately by the publisher, in any language. So a record can fail the filter and still have an abstract. The Drift Report labels the filter's two sides has abstract (PubMed) and no abstract (PubMed), and splits the second three ways, for all records and again for MEDLINE:

GroupMeaning
has abstract (PubMed)Matches hasabstract: a main abstract, or an English plain-language summary on its own (for example PMID 42758511).
no abstract (PubMed)Everything else: NOT hasabstract. Made up of the three rows below.
↳ non-English onlyIts only abstract is in another language, usually supplied by the publisher. Searchable with hasnonenglishabstract. In September 2025 this was most MEDLINE records failing the filter (83 of 101).
↳ English other onlyAn English abstract supplied separately by the publisher. No search filter exists; it is read from the record's XML.
↳ no abstract at allNothing of any kind — typically letters, editorials, comments and many case reports. Also read from the XML.

The two XML-derived groups are counted for the daily cohorts only. The year-to-date and whole-database ranges are too large to read record by record, so they show N/A there. These findings come from testing records in September 2026, not from NLM documentation, and PubMed's behaviour may change.